PSY 624 PSY624 PSY/624 Lit review: LITERATURE REVIEW.docx – Snhu

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PSY 624 PSY624 PSY/624 Lit review: LITERATURE REVIEW.docx – Snhu

A primary priority when a person is incarcerated is to provide them with treatments and rehabilitation to reduce recidivism rates (Jeglic, Maile, & Calkins-Mercado, 2015). During the50s and 60s there was research that provided evidence in regards to the effectiveness of treating criminals. Then in 1974, Martinson reviewed 230 studies pertaining to the treatment of criminals and concluded there was not any real effective treatments, and that there was a shift from rehabilitation to being punitive (Martinson, 1974) Andrews et al. (1990) wanted to identify a theory that would explain why some treatments were effective while others were not. Due to this, the Risk Need Responsibility (RNR)model was developed. The RNR was designed to assess the success of treatment programs. It has been empirically supported for effectiveness of evaluating offender treatment programs(Andrews, Bonta, & Hoge, 1990; Andrews & Bonta, 1998).

PSY 624 PSY624 PSY/624 Lit review: LITERATURE REVIEW.docx – Snhu

The RNR model focuses on three core rehab principles, risk, need, and responsibility (Jeglic et al., 2015). Treatments are based on the offender’s risk to the community. RNR addressed risk as follows, if the offender was identified as being at high risk to re offend, they should receive treatment that is more intensive that those that are at a lower risk. The need principle was that all therapies should be specific to the needs of the offender. There was not a single therapy that should be applied to all offenders,but should be based on individual needs and risk. Treatment should also have responsibility. This means that the treatment should be reflective of the offender’s “learning style, motivational level,and cultural background” (Jeglic et al., 2015, p. 38). Therefore treatment for violent offenders,non-violent offenders, and trauma victim treatments may differ significantly. Treatment for each may contain some of the same strategies, but it will not be identical.

PSY 624 PSY624 PSY/624 Lit review: LITERATURE REVIEW.docx – Snhu

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