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BIOL 112 BIOL112 Bio Lab practical 1 review – Texas A&M

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BIOL 112 BIOL112 Bio Lab practical 1 review – Texas A&M

Exercise 1
Charles Darwin proposed DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION by means of natural selectionto explain modern and fossil biodiversityGenetic Variation:
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is heritable, or genetic variationHeritable traits are like eye color, hair color; and acquired traits are like work ethic, or how you fold your clothes
5 assumptions made in the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model
1.Large population size– so no random events do not change allele frequency
2.No immigration or emigration– no transport of allele in or out of population
3

Description

BIOL 112 BIOL112 Bio Lab practical 1 review – Texas A&M

Exercise 1
Charles Darwin proposed DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION by means of natural selectionto explain modern and fossil biodiversityGenetic Variation:
Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection is heritable, or genetic variationHeritable traits are like eye color, hair color; and acquired traits are like work ethic, or how you fold your clothes
5 assumptions made in the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Model
1.Large population size– so no random events do not change allele frequency
2.No immigration or emigration– no transport of allele in or out of population
3.No genetic variation– mutations could add new alleles and disrupt equilibrium
4.Random mating– population must have an equal probability of mating
5.No natural selection– all phenotypes must have equal reproductive success Allele frequencies
 p+q=1Hardy-Weinberg equation
 p2+2pq+q2=1p, q
 allelic frequenciesp2, q2
 genotypic frequenciesPTC, Thiourea, Sodium Benozoate activity:The ability to taste preservatives commonly used in foods varies among humans. In modern diets, those able to taste these chemicals tend to avoid sugar substitutes and may have an increased risk of dietary disease by refusing many fruits and vegetables. Taste detection follows the laws of Mendelian inheritance for dominant/recessive alleles.
Individuals who taste the chemical are HOMOZYGOUS DOMINANT or HETEROZYGOUS for the taste alleleoHomozygous dominant
 p2oHeterozygous
 2pq
Individuals who do not taste the chemical are HOMOZYGOUS RECESSIVE for the tastealleleoHomozygous recessive
 q2(Number of tasters in class)/ (total number of students in class) – Phenotypic taster’s
 p2+2pq (Number of non-tasters in class)/ (total number of students in class)– Phenotypic non-tasters
q2p and q– frequency of alleles for each chemical
Table 1-2Electrophoresis activity:Gel electrophoresis – uses an electrical current to run DNA or protein samples through a gel matrix and separate mixed constituents based on molecular sizeHomozygous dominant – HbS/HbS
 Positive samplesHeterozygous – HbS/HbA
 Positive sampleshomozygous recessive – HbA-HbAActivity tested three regions of Africa; 1.Al-Khartum, Sudan2.Johannesburg, South Africa3.Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Table 1-3SampleLaneDistance (cm)Genotype1Y3A/A2Y4S/A3Y5A/A4Y6A/A5Y7S/S6Y8A/A7Y9A/A8Y10A/AParameters to the Malaria/Sickle-cell allele simulations:
Starting populations consist of 100 individuals that are homozygous for HbA, and 50 whoare heterozygous for HbS/HbA
Each female has one child every yea

BIOL 112 BIOL112 Bio Lab practical 1 review – Texas A&M

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BIOL 112 – Spring 2013 Register Now BIOL Lab 2 and 3 Questions Only.docx Textbook Exercises Campbell Biology image Campbell Biology Ch 1, Section 1.1 The Study of life reveals unifying themes., Exercise F1.4

Eukaryotes are larger and more complex than prokaryotes.Campbell Biology Ch 2, Section 2.1 Matter consists of chemical elements in pure form and in combinations called compunds, Exercise 1Table salt (NaCl) is a compound made of the elements sodium and chlorine.Campbell Biology Ch 3, Section 3.1

Polar covalent bonds in water molecules result in hydrogen bonding, Exercise F3.2Oxygen has greater electronegativity than hydrogen and it tends to pull shared electrons in a water…Campbell Biology Ch 4, Section 4.1 Organic chemistry is the study of carbon compunds, Exercise F4.2

An increase in the concentration of reactants affects the concentration of products.Campbell Biology Ch 5, Section 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers, built from monomers, Exercise 1The main classes of biological molecules perform crucial biological functions ranging from fuel to…Campbell Biology Ch 6, Section 6.1

Biologists use microscopes and biochemistry to study cells, Exercise F6.3With a change in the cutting plane, different internal regions will be exposed.Campbell Biology Ch 7, Section 7.1 Cellular membranes are fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins, Exercise F7.2

BIOL 112 BIOL112 Bio Lab practical 1 review – Texas A&M

The region that contains the phosphate group (in glycerol) is in contact with water.Campbell Biology Ch 8, Section 8.1 An organism’s metabolism transforms matter and energy, subject to the laws of thermodynamics, Exercise 1Passive transport mechanisms are thermodynamically favorable.Campbell Biology Ch 9, Section 9.1

Catabolic pathways yield energy by oxidizing organic fuels, Exercise F9.4The electrons present in the nicotinamide molecule determine the oxidized and reduced forms.Campbell Biology BIO LAB AND LECTURE Tests Questions & Answers Showing 1 to 8 of 12 View all Please refer to the attachment to answer this question.

This question was created from Deuterostomes_protocolanddatasheet_QV (1).docx. 1 2 3 4 5 Please refer to the attachment to answer this question. This question was created from Deuterostomes_protocolanddatasheet_QV (1).docx. 1 2 3 4 5

Which of the following is NOT a major difference between "Bryophytes" and ALL other land plant phyla? absence vs. presence of xylem and phloem 1 2 3 4 5 An individual fern sporophyte is able to produce far more spores than an individual moss sporophyte because, unlike the moss, the fern sporophyte has 1 2 3 4 5

BIOL 112 BIOL112 Bio Lab practical 1 review – Texas A&M

Which of the following is NOT evidence supporting the hypothesis of the endosymbiotic evolution of mitochondria and chloroplasts? photosynthetic eukaryotes 1 2 3 4 5 Mutations that cause changes in development are thought to be important in the appearance of "evolutionary novelty" because ontogeny recapitulates 1 2 3 4 5

Which of the following is NOT considered to be an important correlate of the oxygen revolution? the accumulation of ozone screened out harmful ultraviolet 1 2 3 4 5 Most modern reptiles are grouped in the Order Squamata. The ancestors of these reptiles originated in the Mesozoic and gave rise to numerous and varied species 1 2 3 4 5

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